{"id":9886,"date":"2017-07-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-07-13T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mwc-cmm.org\/churches-and-psychiatry-its-complicated-4\/"},"modified":"2024-12-10T17:14:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T17:14:48","slug":"churches-and-psychiatry-its-complicated-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mwc-cmm.org\/fr\/stories\/churches-and-psychiatry-its-complicated-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9glises et psychiatrie : \u00ab C\u2019est compliqu\u00e9 \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Comment l\u2019\u00c9glise devrait-elle r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 mentale ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Notre \u00e9tat mental est li\u00e9 \u00e0 notre corps et \u00e0 notre esprit, et, comme eux, peut \u00eatre en mauvaise sant\u00e9. Dans la partie \u2018Perspectives\u2019 de ce num\u00e9ro, des responsables et des praticiens de la sant\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9glises anabaptistes du monde entier traitent du r\u00f4le des \u00e9glises dans la prise en charge de la sant\u00e9 mentale de leurs fid\u00e8les.<\/p>\n

\u00c9glises et psychiatrie : \u00ab C\u2019est compliqu\u00e9 \u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Une des choses qui me surprends le plus depuis que je travaille en psychiatrie est le nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de croyants hospitalis\u00e9s dans nos services. Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, le nombre de chr\u00e9tiens.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Certes, les patients parlent de ce qu\u2019ils croient et esp\u00e8rent plus que dans les autres sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s \u00bb. Mais si on utilise un marqueur objectif, tel que la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une Bible au chevet des patients, l\u2019intuition semble se confirmer : les services de psychiatrie sont envahis de chr\u00e9tiens. La l\u00e9gende voudrait m\u00eame que des mennonites y aient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 hospitalis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La peur de perdre le contr\u00f4le<\/strong><\/p>\n

Il est difficile d\u2019accepter qu\u2019un chr\u00e9tien souffre d\u2019une maladie psychiatrique. Nous comprenons qu\u2019une d\u00e9mence d\u2019Alzheimer s\u2019installe, ou qu\u2019une confusion mentale survienne suite \u00e0 une infection, car nous avons une explication \u00e0 ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements. En revanche, les troubles psychiques ne s\u2019expliquent pas par une causalit\u00e9 directe. Cela nous effraie, parce que nous n\u2019en sommes pas \u00e0 l\u2019abri. Si l\u2019origine est m\u00e9connue, pourquoi pas moi ? Et qui sait ce que je pourrais dire dans un moment de d\u00e9lire ? Sans compter que m\u00eame le plus non-violent des anabaptistes pourrait \u00eatre mena\u00e7ant, s\u2019il \u00e9tait soumis \u00e0 un sentiment de pers\u00e9cution intense. Nous nous sentons d\u00e9pass\u00e9s et cherchons des r\u00e9ponses.<\/p>\n

D\u2019o\u00f9 des questions : \u00ab Est-ce que tu ne penses pas que les malades mentaux sont souvent\/parfois\/toujours poss\u00e9d\u00e9s? \u00bb. Il est difficile d\u2019accepter que les troubles psychiatriques soient une cons\u00e9quence de la Chute. Il faut bien avoir fait quelque chose de mal pour perdre ainsi le contr\u00f4le de ses pens\u00e9es, de ses paroles, de ses comportements. Nous essayons de nous rassurer en assignant la responsabilit\u00e9 de la maladie \u00e0 celui qui en souffre.<\/p>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s des internes en 2013 par l\u2019Association Fran\u00e7aise F\u00e9d\u00e9rative des \u00c9tudiants en Psychiatrie, le nombre de croyants est significativement plus faible parmi les psychiatres par rapport aux internes d\u2019autres sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Pourtant, nos patients nous parlent de leur foi, plus que dans les autres services de l\u2019h\u00f4pital. Nos patients prient. Nos patients vont \u00e0 la messe.<\/p>\n

Et les m\u00e9decins s\u2019interrogent : est-ce que ces personnes vuln\u00e9rables ne risquent pas d\u2019\u00eatre entra\u00een\u00e9es dans des d\u00e9rives sectaires ? Devons-nous les en pr\u00e9server, comment ? Quelle est la limite entre foi et d\u00e9lire mystique ?<\/p>\n

La place de la foi dans la maladie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lorsqu\u2019on entre dans l\u2019h\u00f4pital psychiatrique o\u00f9 je travaille, on d\u00e9bouche assez vite sur une petite place o\u00f9 se trouve une chapelle. Pas une simple pi\u00e8ce rebaptis\u00e9e chapelle, mais une vraie \u00e9glise, avec des services religieux, et des aum\u00f4niers. R\u00e9cemment, un psychanalyste disait aux internes que les cur\u00e9s excellent \u00e0 diagnostiquer les d\u00e9lires mystiques, justement parce que l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de la foi offre un autre regard.<\/p>\n

Les \u00e9glises ont-elles un r\u00f4le \u00e0 jouer aupr\u00e8s des personnes en situation de handicap psychique ? Eh bien, pourquoi n\u2019en auraient-elles pas ? Toutes les \u00e9glises accueillent des patients schizophr\u00e8nes, bipolaires, d\u00e9pressifs chroniques, etc. J\u2019ose pr\u00e9tendre que si votre \u00e9glise accueille plus d\u2019une centaine de personnes et qu\u2019aucun membre ne pr\u00e9sente des troubles psychiatriques, soit vous m\u00e9connaissez les membres de votre \u00e9glise, soit sa capacit\u00e9 d\u2019accueil est \u00e0 interroger.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9glise est concern\u00e9e, qu\u2019elle le veuille ou non. On estime que 0,8% de la population souffre de schizophr\u00e9nie, soit environ 600 000 personnes en France. Faites le calcul : combien devrait-il y avoir de schizophr\u00e8nes dans votre \u00e9glise? Combien sont-ils en r\u00e9alit\u00e9? Il ne s\u2019agit pas de bl\u00e2mer l\u2019\u00e9glise de ne pas r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 accueillir ces personnes. L\u2019\u00e9volution de la maladie entra\u00eene dans la majorit\u00e9 des cas un repli sur soi-m\u00eame et une r\u00e9sistance au contact social. Quel d\u00e9fi pour nos \u00e9glises !<\/p>\n

Et puis il y a l\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, qui est un d\u00e9nominateur commun \u00e0 presque tous les troubles psychiques : l\u2019\u00e9glise offre un cadre rassurant qui peut contribuer \u00e0 ancrer ces personnes dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, que ce soit par la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 et la liturgie du culte, en retrouvant des personnes-ressource chaque semaine, en appartenant \u00e0 une famille qui n\u2019abandonne pas.<\/p>\n

Comme psychiatre dans un pays la\u00efc, mon travail consiste \u00e0 aider les gens \u00e0 se sentir mieux, \u00e0 \u00eatre en mesure de communiquer avec les autres, \u00e0 \u00eatre pr\u00e9sents au monde, \u00e0 mener \u2018une vie normale\u2019.<\/p>\n

Le travail de l\u2019\u00e9glise aupr\u00e8s de ces personnes, c\u2019est d\u2019\u00eatre un lieu o\u00f9 les relations sont saines, s\u00e9curisantes, o\u00f9 chacun trouve une place adapt\u00e9e, o\u00f9 on est pr\u00eat \u00e0 accueillir et \u00e0 accompagner. Notre r\u00f4le, c\u2019est de regarder le malade psychique comme un \u00eatre cr\u00e9\u00e9, aim\u00e9, capable de recevoir la gr\u00e2ce par la foi en Christ. Ne n\u00e9gligeons pas l\u2019impact de relations bienveillantes… et d\u00e9nu\u00e9es de peur. Parvenir \u00e0 int\u00e9grer durablement ces personnes dans les assembl\u00e9es est \u00e0 la fois possible et extraordinaire. Je suis convaincue que c\u2019est exactement le type de personnes que Christ allait trouver lorsqu\u2019il \u00e9tait parmi les hommes. Alors, au travail !<\/p>\n

\u2014Alexina Yoder est membre de l\u2019\u00e9glise mennonite de Strasbourg en France depuis quelques ann\u00e9es, originaire de la r\u00e9gion de Belfort-Montb\u00e9liard (assembl\u00e9e de Delle, qui \u00e9tait auparavant chapelle de Florimont).<\/em><\/p>\n

Cet article est paru pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans le num\u00e9ro avril 2017 de Courier\/Correo\/Courrier<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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